We have the resources in North America to become...

We have the resources in North America to become self-sufficient on our oil instead of Middle Eastern oil. Oil was first discovered in America in 1859 in Titusville, Pennsylvania. (Klare). 155 years later we still are getting oil from countries halfway around the world. Without discovering oil in the US, it would not have given rise to large multinational companies like John D Rockefeller Standard Oil, the big three auto factories, DuPont, airlines/freight industry, and other chemical companies. These companies employed most workers of the last century (Klare). Why can’t we do this now? If we drill here at home, it will trigger a domino effect to every job. For example, a well driller needs a truck to get to work causing him to buy gas;†¦show more content†¦The US wet natural gas reserves are at 322.7 trillion cubic feet (OGJ). US natural gas production is 25.308 billion cubic feet last year, but our consumption was 25.533 billion feet last year (North America). We di d have to import the extra natural gas from Canada, even though there are proved natural gas reserves at 320+ trillion cubic feet sitting right below the land we call home. Moreover, US drilling climbed from a 2 year high by another 10 rigs to 1706 working compared with 1161 the previous year. Land drilling total was 1683 rigs and offshore was 23. 948 were drilling for natural gas and oil rigs increased to 763. Seasonal conditions for rig movement improved caused an increase in rigs to start drilling (OGJ). These rigs work around the clock using three shifts and costing the oil companies $45,000 a day to run. Doing the math it cost $76.77 million to run all the rigs per day. The military spent about 1 trillion dollars in Middle Eastern operations over the years for oil. Private companies are spending an extraordinary amount of money to bring the fuel to the surface. Unfortunately, their efforts are not enough to meet demand. As some of you may know, Canada is one of the world’s largest energy producers and is a principal source of US energy imports. Canada has oil sands that are unconventional, but a significant contributor to the growth of liquid fuel supply (North America). Oil sands are areas where the sand absorbed the oil. Refineries pull the oil fromShow MoreRelatedOil And Demand For Oil1174 Words   |  5 PagesCrude oil is one of the most economically mature commodity markets in the world. Even though most crude oil is produced by a relatively small number of companies, and often in remote locations that are very far from the point of consumption but it is shipped all over the world. The global supply and demand determines prices for oil. Events around the world can affect the prices at our home for oil-based energy. 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Essay about Preschool Child Obersvations - 2039 Words

PART 1 The pre-school is in a small rural village with a high ratio of staff. We use a key person system working with the Early Year Foundation Stage (EYFS), promoting the five outcomes of Every Child Matters. We do this by learning through play, risk taking (physically, emotionally and intellectually), creative thinking and listening to children. In partnership with parents who continually inform staff of their child’s welfare, disposition, activities and any concerns both formally and informally. (Study Topic 10 Page 102)(DCSF, 2009) Different types of observations, build a picture of an individual child’s learning, extending learning experiences for all and curriculum planning. It also provides information to develop effective†¦show more content†¦OC is able to express her opinion; it is more rhetorical than in communicating with her peers. Her gross motor skills are excellent moving in and around the boxes to select a suitable box to sit in and draw on. She uses felt tip pens to draw pictures on the box, demonstrating an ability to use tools and mark making. The quality of pictures in conjunction with the high level of concentration observed shows the OC disposition is of a child, who thinks things through, takes time, and makes a concentrated effort. Distracted by others giggling she asks the question of an adult â€Å"What are they doing?† and not to the other children suggesting that she is more comfortable talking to adults. Looking at observation 2, I can see that although the domineering behaviour of second child carries on throughout the observation the expression of the OC is of complete indifference. OC appeals for adult intervention only when the other child continually ignores her requests for a top. A non-verbal expression of â€Å"what can you do† when the adult has assisted shows that the OC is more amused than offended by the other child. The OC is often seen playing less dominant roles but more out of appeasement to get the dominate child to play and not due to low self-esteem or passive

Anorexia Nervosa and the media Essay Example For Students

Anorexia Nervosa and the media Essay A normal female takes a stroll down the streets of Manhattan and ends up at Times Square, probably one of the most colorful places on earth, which also has an abundant number of advertisements. As this female looks up at the pictures, she can see a Calvin Klein ad. The image portrays people who are the idols of our youth; young, thin, beautiful men and women. These young people depict the ideal body. As this female walks, she begins to notice her own physical attributes and wonders what it would take for her to look like that Calvin Klein model. Despite the fact that the greatest majority of us could never attain these physiques, many, especially young women, deeply desire to have bodies like these. And many will go to great lengths to attain their goal. This often means stringent, unhealthy diets, laxative abuse, and even forcing themselves to vomit. Although the medias portrayal of the perfect body may not be the soul source of eating disorders, they play a big part. Anorexia nervosa is a disorder of self-starvation, which manifests itself in an extreme aversion to food and can cause psychological, endocrine, and gynecological problems. It almost exclusively affects adolescent white girls, with symptoms involving a refusal to eat, large weight loss, a bizarre preoccupation with food, hyperactivity, a distorted body image and cessation of menstruation. Although the symptoms can be corrected if the patient is treated in time, about 10-15 percent of anorexia nervosa patients die, usually after losing half their normal body weight. Anorexia nervosa patients typically come from white, middle to upper-middle class families that place heavy emphasis on high achievement, perfection, eating patterns and physical appearance. (There has never been a documented case of anorexia nervosa in a black male or female.) A newly diagnosed patient often is described by her parents as a model child, usually because she is obedient, compliant, and a good student. Although most teenagers experience some feelings of youthful rebellion, persons with anorexia usually do not outwardly exhibit these feelings, tending instead to be childish in their thinking, in their need for parental approval, and in their lack of independence. Psychologists theorize that the patients desire to control her own life manifests itself in the realm of eating-the only area in the patients mind where she has the ability to direct her own life (Mental Health, Long). In striving for perfection and approval, a person with anorexia may begin to diet in order to lose just a few pounds. Dieting does not stop there. An abnormal concern with dieting is established. Nobody knows what triggers the disease, but suddenly, losing five to ten pounds is not enough.The anorectic patient becomes intent on losing weight. It is not uncommon for someone who develops the disorder to starve herself until she weighs just 60 or 70 pounds. Throughout the starvation process, she either denies being hungry or claims to feel full after eating just a few bites. Another form of anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder known as bulimia. Patients with this illness indulge in food binges, and then purge themselves through vomiting immediately after eating or through the use of laxatives or diuretics. While on the surface these patients may appear to be well adjusted socially, this serious disease is particularly hard to overcome because it usually has been a pattern of behavior for a long time. Psychological symptoms such as social withdrawal, obsessive-compulsiveness and depression often precede or accompany anorexia nervosa. The patients distorted view of herself and the world around her are the cause of these psychological disturbances (Mental Health, Long). Distortion of body image is another prevalent symptom. While most normal females can give an accurate estimate of their body weight, anorectic patients tend to perceive themselves as markedly larger than they really are. When questioned, most feel that their emaciated state (70-80 lbs.) is either just right or too fat(Mayohealth)Profound physical symptoms occur in cases of extreme starvation. These include loss of head hair, growth of fine body hair, constipation, intolerance of cold temperatures and low pulse rate. Certain endocrine functions also become impaired. In females this results in a cessation of menstruation (amenorrhea) and the absence of ovulation. Menstruation usually will not resume until endocrine balanced is restored. Ovulation is suppressed because production for certain necessary hormones decreases. Anorexia in boys has effects similar to those in girls: severe weight loss, psychosocial problems and interruption of normal reproductive system processes. Treatment fo r anorexia nervosa is usually threefold, consisting of nutritional therapy, individual psychotherapy and family counseling. A team made up of pediatricians, psychiatrists, social workers and nurses often administers treatment. Some physicians hospitalize anorexia patients until they are nutritionally stable. Others prefer to work with patients in the family setting. But no matter where therapy is started, the most urged concern of the physician is getting the patient to eat and gain weight. This is accomplished by gradually adding calories to the patients daily intake. If she is hospitalized, privileges are sometimes granted in return for weight gain. This is known as a behavior contract, and privileges may include such desirable activities as leaving the hospital for an afternoons outing. Albert Einstein Essay About Birth ControlIn the spring of 1996, plastic sandwich bags began disappearing by the hundreds from the kitchen of a sorority house at a large northeastern university. When the sororitys president investigated, she found a disturbing explanation: The bags, filled with vomit, were hidden in a basement bathroom. I was shocked, remarked the president (who later learned that the buildings pipes, eroded by gallons of stomach acid, would have to be replaced. Yet in a way it made sense. Most of her 45 housemates, she recalls, worried about weight. It was like a competition to see who could eat the least. At dinner they would say, All I had today was an apple, or I havent had anything. It was surreal (People Online, October 12, 1999). The media plays a strong role in influencing the need to lose weight. Young people are made to believe that thin is beautiful and they must be slim to be attractive. The media has the tendency to stereotype overweight people in a negative manner. Sophia Loren and Marilyn Monroe could not get a job, exclaimed director Joel Schumacher. Their agents would tell them, Go on a diet, get a trainer(People)In a June 3, 1996 issue of People magazine, actress Alicia Silverstone was being defended by Joel Schumacher for the mockery in the press for have gaining weight.At March 1995s Academy Awards ceremony, Silverstone, 19, the fresh-faced sensation of The Crush and Clueless, did the unthinkable: She appeared in public despite the fact that, like many of her teenage peers around the country, she had just added on 5 or 10 pounds. Was she congratulated for the self-confidence and assurance it took to be herself? Hardly. The tabloids, noting Silverstones role in the next Batman sequel, blared out l ines like Batman and Fatgirl and Look Out Batman! Here Comes Buttgirl! and Entertainment Weekly sniped that Alicia was More Babe than babe(People). Schumacher, whos directing Silverstone in the upcoming Batman and Robin, says he was startled by the meanness of the stories; The news coverage was outrageous, disgusting, judgmental, and cruel. What did this child do? Have a couple pizzas? (People Magazine, June 1996)In a word, yes. In the moral order of todays media-driven universe, in which you could bounce a quarter off the well-toned abs of any cast member of Baywatch or Friends, fashion magazines are filled with airbrushed photos of emaciated models with breast implants. And the perfectly attractive Janeane Garofalo can pass for an ugly duckling next to Beautiful Girl Uma Thurman in the hit movie The Truth About Cats and Dogs. The definition of what constitutes beauty or even an acceptable body seems to become more inaccessible every year. We are evolving toward an unnatural view of beauty. Thin women with huge breasts and stick legs, like those of 12-year-olds. What real womens bodies look like is labeled wrong and unattractive. In conclusion, I believe teenage girls are deluged by images from television, movies, and magazines; battling with an increasingly unrealistic standard of beauty, and pay a price. This says a lot about our culture. Our society worries too much about impressing everyone else with looks. It is seen everyday in movies and media, the stars that people watch and try to look like are perfect to us. People want to look like these stars and will go to any cost to become similar to that star; even if it means harming their bodies. Our society goes too far. Some people are way too harsh on other people. Instead of excepting people for who they are, people judge by looks alone. This is what causes our society to be infatuated with being skinny and having to look like that supermodel on television. Bibliography:ReferencesBody Image: What do you see in the mirror? 17 April, 1997: n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/9/04/htm/body_ima.htmGangnon, Louise., Despite Image, Most Anorexics Are 45 or Older. The Medical Post, 8 October, 1996: n.pg. Internet.WWW: http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5m-et01.htmlLong, M.D., Phillip W., Anorexia Nervosa: American Description. 1997: n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://www.mentalhealth.com/dis1/p21-et01.html (October7, 1999)Long, M.D., Phillip W. Is Anorexia Nervosa Becoming More Common? The Harvard Medical School Mental Health Letter, September 1998: n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5h-et02.html (October 7, 1999)Out of Control. People Online 12 April, 1999: n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://www.pathfinder.com/people/991018/features/archive_disorder.html (October13, 1999)Researcher Says Risk Factors For Anorexia Nervosa Have Genetic Basis21 January, 1998: n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://www.mentalhelp.net/article/eatdis2.html (October 7, 1997)Schneider, Karen S., Mission Impossible. People Magazine. 3 June. 1996What Causes Eating Disorders? n.pg. Internet. WWW: http://shrike.depaul.edu/pdanes/hhk3.ht

Seven Most Important Step In Selling. (1) Precall Preparation, (2) Pre

Seven most important step in selling. (1) Precall Preparation, (2) Preapproch, (3) approach,(4) Presentation, (5) managing resistance, (6) closing the sale, and (7) postsale activities First step call Precall Preparation. At this stage salespeople should prepare themselves Physically, Mentally, and Emotionally. They should develop positive sales image, self-esteem, self-worth, and self confidence. In addition they must gather information on competitor and the understand as much as possible about the customers they serve. Second step is the PREAPPROACH . It involves determining suitable prospects and planing strategy. At this stage he or she should start planing and maps out the strategies that they will use to satisfy the prospect's need. Third step is APPROCH. At this stage they should establish positive contact with the potential buyer. Their primary concerns should be opening the sales interview appropriately, getting the prospect interest, building mutual respect and trust, Forth step is PRESENTATION. At this stage salesperson should discuss the product with customers. Fifth step is MANAGING RESISTANCE. At this stage they should learn to negotiating solutions and providing seller with feedback. They must always be ready to negotiate a win- win solution, which means learning to manage resistance. Sixth step is CLOSING THE SALE. At this stage recognizing buying signals, inserting trial closes, and asking for the order are the main functions of the closing step. Seventh step is POSTSALE ACTIVITIES. This is final stage of the personal selling process. After the sale activities is as important as during sale. Activities such as sending thank you note, making sure that the customer receives prompt delivery and excellent service, and making call back schedule all help to facilitate a long-term relationship in business.

Plato And Forms Essays - Platonism, Form Of The Good,

Plato And Forms Platos Forms The influence that Plato, the Greek philosopher born in 427 BC in Athens, has had throughout the history of philosophy has been monumental. Among other things, Plato is known for his exploration of the fundamental problems of natural science, political theory, metaphysics, theology and theory of knowledge; many of his ideas becoming permanent elements in Western thought. The basis of Platos philosophy is his theory of Ideas, or doctrine of Forms. While the notion of Forms is essential to Platos philosophy, over years of philosophical study, it has been difficult to understand what these Forms are supposed to be, and the purpose of their existence. When examining Platos forms and evaluating the theory, some conclusions have proved to be unclear and unanswered. However, the doctrine of Forms is essential to Platos philosophy. Plato came to his view of the Forms based on two premises: first, that knowledge cannot come through the senses; and second, we do nevertheless manage to know thi ngs in mathematics, for instance. Plato believed in two worlds; the empirical realm of concrete, familiar objects known through sensory experience, and the rational realm of perfect and eternal Forms. According to Plato, the empirical realm is not real, as sensory objects are not completely real. Beliefs derived from experience of such objects are therefore vague and unreliable, whereas principles of mathematics and philosophy, discovered by inner, rationalistic meditation on the Forms, constitute the only real knowledge. Such familiar, concrete things as trees, human bodies and animals, which can be known through the senses, are merely shadowy, imperfect copies of their Forms. For every sense object in the empirical world, there is a corresponding perfect Form. These Forms are nonphysical, permanent, eternal, and invisible. How then, you may ask, can one ever know of the Forms if they cannot be known by sense perception? Plato answers this question by stating that the Forms are kn own in thought. They are the objects of thought, therefore, whenever you are thinking, you are thinking of Forms. An important point to note about the Forms is the idea of permanence. The Forms are forever unchanging. An important standard of Platos theory of knowledge was that all genuine objects of knowledge be described without contradiction. Therefore, because all objects perceived by sense undergo change, an assertion can be made that such objects at one time will not be true at a later time. Because what is fully real must, for Plato, be fixed, permanent, and unchanging, he identified the real with the ideal realm of being as opposed to the empirical world of becoming. This all leads to Platos inevitable rejection of empiricism. The true definition of empiricism is, the view that holds sense perception to be the sole source of human knowledge (Jones, 369). It is obvious that this view is highly contradictive with Platos theory of Forms. He thought that propositions derived fro m sensory experience have, at most, a degree of probability; they are not certain. Pure knowledge may only be derived from certain, permanent facts. The argument is really that not only do the things we perceive change, but so do the circumstances in which we perceive them. Take this example, for instance. If I were to hold a cup of hot coffee in my left hand and a cold beer in my right, and then place both hands into a tub of lukewarm water, that same tub of water would feel cold to the left hand, and warm to the right hand. Moreover, things must often seem different to me than they do to anyone else, for the circumstances of others are rarely the same as mine. We are also liable to experience illusions, states of dreaming and hallucination, and our initial judgments are also often influenced by our expectations and biases. As a result of these circumstances, Plato supposes that we can never gain knowledge through our senses. Empiricism is rejected in Platos philosophy, contradicti ng with his theory of Forms to a large degree. Plato conceived the Forms as arranged hierarchically. A dividing line splits the rational realm into C and D. The division of C represents the lower Forms, and D represents the higher Forms,

Applying a sociological theory to the movie The Truman Show

Applying a sociological theory to the movie The Truman Show Movie Summary The Truman Show is a drama film that captures the basic principles of the social structure at the beginning of life besides helping us to uncover the origin of the prevailing social interactions or socialization mechanisms in the contemporary world. The movie revolves around the life of Truman Burbank who has been in front of live cameras since before he was born without noticing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Applying a sociological theory to the movie ‘The Truman Show’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through hidden cameras that capture Truman’s day-to-day activities around the clock, Christof who is the executive producer intends to show the world the real emotions and behavior of Truman when exposed to various unique situations. Here, Christof controls Truman’s life through setting up an artificial hometown in which Truman’s neighbors include the show’s cre w members. Moreover, Truman’s sense of reality is obscured by the false reality created by Christof through news reports and advertisements aimed at making Truman stay at home. Despite that Christof has succeeded to some extent in controlling some aspects of Truman’s life, there is evidence to show that Truman is capable of exploring certain truths in his social life such as falling in love outside the intended circle. Here, Truman falls in love with Sylvia despite that the producer wanted him to marry Meryl. To break this unintended love, the producer removes Sylvia from the set but Truman continues to love her even when married to Meryl. Therefore, Sylvia forms the out-group that is set to free Truman from his false world. Subsequently, at age 30, Truman demonstrates the importance of self-consciousness in an individual’s life. Here, Truman discovers some aspects of his life such as spotlights appearing at night (artificial darkness) and the discussions of oth er crew members regarding The Truman Show, which might have led him to uncover certain truths about his life. However, the producer achieves to conceal the truth by advertising that an airplane had one of its landing lights dislodged. On the other hand, the growing skepticism in Truman leads to his marriage to Meryl breaking up since she was under intense pressure to convince him that his false life was real. Furthermore, his plans to leave Seahaven (the artificial hometown) were frustrated by different incidents such as bus breakdowns, massive traffic jams, absence of flight tickets, a nuclear meltdown, and finally a forest fire. All these events are meant to instill fear in Truman in order for the show to continue.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, Christof’s attempts to bring back Truman’s father who was supposedly dead in a fishing trip (in ord er to make Truman fear the water) do not bear any fruits in terms of stopping Truman from leaving the town. Instead, Truman decides to isolate himself from the crew, and one day he manages to escape using a boat. An artificial storm meant to scare him from leaving does not do much since Truman overcomes his fear of water to reach the EXIT, which marks the end of false life and the beginning of a new reality with Sylvia’s camp. Movie Analysis In their quest to explain the nature and attributes of the social structure, many sociologists attempt to look at the permanent association between things, which is thought to originate in the life before the evolution of any life form (Hinkle 130). Here, the sociologists note that the primordial theory attempts to explain the origin of society, which is a form of social organization with a definite structure. As a result, since the primordial theory relates to the origin of permanent association in the society, then it follows that the p rimordial social structure was present before the appearance of humankind. Accordingly, the movie ‘The Truman Show’ captures the nature and characteristics of the social structure relative to the Primordial theory. Here, just like at the beginning of the show where we meet Truman unaware of his false world, many early theorists construed the social structure from the perspective of physical and biological sciences. Thus, the social structure was treated just like any other physical structure, which resembles a machine or device used to equilibrate different forces. Here, an organism (viewed as a structural model) is regarded to as a system of activities, which achieve interdependence through influencing one another, and thus they can adjust, adapt, and work together relative to the prevailing conditions (Hinkle 132). This form of primordial structure and permanent association can be likened to the show’s actors and crew whose activities were aimed at controlling Truman’s life by following the producer’s instructions, and thus they did achieve to manipulate different aspects of Truman’s life. However, the structure provided by the ancient sociologists reflects a mechanical equilibrium, which cannot exist in the contemporary social environment whereby conditions are bound to change relative to different internal and external factors (Kimmel and Aronson 33). Thus, contemporary sociology looks at the social structure as comprising of an organic equilibrium, which is characterized by openness, external factors, internal factors, accessibility, and change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Applying a sociological theory to the movie ‘The Truman Show’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Subsequently, the modern day sociology has it that the creation of the society relies on the ability of institutions (units of the social structure) to exhibit an organ ic or moving equilibrium, which enables them to adjust, adapt, and change relative to both internal and external forces. This is thus the equilibrium exhibited by Truman during the 30th year of the show whereby he begins to adjust the way he used to view his life, and as a result manages to uncover certain truths in his artificial life. Conversely, other sociologists view the contemporary social structure as consisting of variable systems (that is, organisms and societies) whose internal mechanisms allow them to attain a partial equilibrium, which cannot be perfected due to the presence of external factors (Kimmel and Aronson 34). Here, it is worth noting that despite Truman uncovering certain truths in his false life using his own internal mechanisms, he fails to discover the whole truth since the existence of the radio and television advertisements serves to conceal the truth. To this end, it is certain that the organic equilibrium forms the basic model through which the primordia l social structure illustrated in ‘The Truman Show’ is generated. Thus, the change process associated with such moving equilibriums can only be construed as arising from the ability of the systems (individual persons) involved to make conscious choices, and exhibit some degree of intentionality. As a result, the basic contemporary social structure should be characterized by social identity; social desires, ends, interests, objectives, and purposes; social organization or structuring; social rules and values that underlie social welfare and norms; social solidarity, integration, and cohesion; and finally, processes that enable the members of the society to adjust to various unique situations (Hinkle 135). Relative to these features and characteristics of the society, many theorists note that the primordial social structure originates from the earliest human species, which were grouped into self-sufficient units meant to give rise to later generations exhibiting common mo des of life that change with time and conditions just like Truman’s life in the show. Thus, the primordial theory is based on the assumption that the society has an adaptive mechanism, which presents the human organisms with various opportunities and hindrances relative to the ability to satisfy their needs and wants in different situations (Hinkle 139). Thus, through persistent association with the hindrances and opportunities in the social set-up, human organisms achieve social identity.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is true to the fact that Truman was able to construe certain things in his life that were not adding up after taking a closer look at the behaviors of other residents of Seahaven, and comparing them to the contents of the show, which was entirely about his life. Accordingly, it is a fact that social and public awareness are centered on the ability of an individual becoming aware of other people’s ideas or thoughts and vice versa. Moreover, through coordinated interaction and understanding the needs and desires of other members of the society, an individual’s personal needs, desires, and purposes in life can be satisfied (Kimmel and Aronson 45). This is the case when Truman defies the pre-determined external factors in the show by falling in love with an extra. Moreover, the act of removing Sylvia from the picture marks the beginning of Truman’s quest to satisfy his desires through exploring different aspects of his false life, which will eventually lead him to the point of uncovering the truth about his life. Overall, the foregoing discussions show that a certain degree of social organization and structuring is required in order for the human members of the society to satisfy their desires, needs, and purposes through coordinated interactions and association with one another. However, sometimes a natural conflict of interest may exist between the internal mechanisms of an individual and the external forces that comprise different opportunities and hindrances brought forth by the social surroundings. And thus, it is up to each and every member of the society to develop adaptive behaviors that fit into the pre-existing conditions, which determine whether or not one will satisfy his or her needs, desires, and purposes in life. Hinkle, Roscoe C. Founding theory of American sociology, 1881-1915. USA: Routledge Kegan Paul Ltd, 2008. Print. Kimmel, Michael and Aronson, Amy. Sociology now. Boston: Pearson, 2009. Print.

Is Venezuela a Rentier State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is Venezuela a Rentier State - Essay Example The question of whether Venezuela derives significant portions of its economy from oil is without a doubt true; Corrales (2006) even characterized President Hugo Chavez as one of the world’s most powerful CEOs, in regards to his sale of oil to the United States. The Venezuelan government can also be seen to embody Rentier characteristics: Chavez has been successful in centralizing power through an elimination of intermediary government structures; he has allowed rampant crime to persist; and has allowed highly questionable election processes. While these actions can be seen to be highly indicative of a populace that ceases to intervene because of an abundance of oil money and reduced taxes, the reality of the situation is more complex. Indeed, it’s been argued that rather than Venezuela’s political structure being allowed by the citizens out of apathy in the face of reduced taxes, it has occurred because of a systematic effort on the part of Chavez to scare the c itizens into submissions and acceptance of more lax governmental standards. Corrales (pg. 9, 2006) compares this mentality to the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, â€Å"The more insecurity that citizens face—the closer they come to living in the brutish state of nature—the more they will welcome state power.† In this regard, it’s not the oil money that has influenced the populace, but the calculated manipulations on the part of Chavez and his regime that have trained the population into acceptance. When investigating the plausibility of democracy surviving in situations outside the United States, one must agree on what democracy means. If it is the communal rule of society through group consensus, as embodied in elected officials, protests, and free speech than Democratic rule is not only an element of Americanness, but a lynchpin of much of the European Union, as well as Australia, Israel, and Canada.